中学英語は品詞や文の規則(文法)を中心に勉強しました。 高校英語でも文法は重要なのは言うまでもありませんが、それと同様に文の構造(構文)や個々の語の使い方(語法)に重点を置いて勉強します。
特に動詞の語法は重要で大学入試の文法問題でも多く出題されています。
このページでは語法に気をつけるべき動詞を400語ほど選び、シリーズで問題を載せて行きます。
一日一動詞、コツコツ覚えればちりも積もれば山となる(Many
a little makes a mickle.)。 英語力が増すに違いありません。 A
verb a day goes a long way!(一日一動詞は役に立つ)
まず、このシリーズの本題に入る前に語法の問題で出題される動詞を分類してみましょう。
- 活用を誤りやすい動詞
- 自動詞と他動詞の区別を誤りやすい動詞
- 進行形をとらない動詞
- 受動態に関して誤りやすい動詞
- 感情を表す動詞
- SVC文型をとる動詞
- 知覚動詞・使役動詞などSVOC文型をとる動詞
- 日本語の意味から類推してSVOO文型をとるように見えない動詞
- 無生物主語の構文をとる動詞
- SV+不定詞の文型をとる動詞
- SVO+不定詞の文型をとる動詞
- 動名詞をとる動詞
- 仮定法現在をとる動詞
- 群動詞と同意の動詞
- 類義語・関連語の動詞
- 意外な意味のある動詞
- 多義語の動詞
- 特定の前置詞・副詞を伴う動詞
以下はこの分類に基づいた例題です。
- 活用を誤りやすい動詞
- The man ( ) asleep all day long.
- (1) lays (2) lay (3) laid (4) lain
解説
- 自動詞と他動詞の区別を誤りやすい動詞
- John didn't know how to ( )
to his wife that he quit his job.
- (1) tell (2) ask (3) explain (4) request
解説
- 進行形をとらない動詞
- Water ( ) of hydrogen and oxygen.
- (1) consists (2) is consisting (3) is consisted (4) has
consisted
解説
- 受動態に関して誤りやすい動詞
- A friend of mine ( ) in a traffic
accident last year.
- (1) was hurting (2) was dead (3) was killed (4)
injured
解説
- 感情を表す動詞
- Since 1970, our students ( )
with our graduate program.
- (1) are satisfying (2) have satisfied (3) have been satisfying (4)
have been satisfied
解説
- SVC文型をとる動詞
- It was a great loss to the nation that he
died ( ) of a heart attack.
- (1) so young (2) so as young (3) to be so young (4)
being so young
解説
- 知覚動詞・使役動詞などSVOC文型をとる動詞
- I have heard ( ) that
she's a tough business woman.
- (1) it said (2) it says (3) it saying
(4) it's been said
解説
- 日本語の意味から類推してSVOO文型をとるように見えない動詞
- A moment's hesitation may ( )
a pilot his life.
- (1) deprive (2) cost (3)take (4)lose
解説
- 無生物主語の構文をとる動詞
- Jet planes ( ) us to
go to Australia in ten hours.
- (1) enable (2) make (3) let (4)
cause
解説
- SV+不定詞の文型をとる動詞
- You may ( ) to regret
having told him about your plan.
- (1) be (2) become (3) come (4) go
解説
- SVO+不定詞の文型をとる動詞
- In Japan 20-year-old men and women
are legally adults. They are (
) to drink alcohol.
- (1) received (2) admitted (3) permitted
(4) recognized
解説
- 動名詞をとる動詞
- He tried to avoid (
) her after they quarreled.
- (1) meet (2) to meet (3) met (4) meeting
解説
- 仮定法現在をとる動詞
- They suggested that he ( )
the 1:30 train so as to get there in time.
- (1) take (2) took (3) takes (4) would take
解説
- 群動詞と同意の動詞
- They called off (= )
the garden party because of the rain.
- (1) abolished (2) canceled (3) delayed (4) postponed
解説
- 類義語・関連語の動詞
- The blue tie ( ) the
checked shirt.
- (1) becomes (2) suits (3) fits (4) matches
解説
- 意外な意味のある動詞
- It doesn't ( ) to show your
anger instantly.
- (1) pay (2) appreciate (3) succeed (4) respect
解説
- 多義語の動詞
- I had my motorcycle ( )
by my friend, who wanted to be a mechanic.
- (1) borrowed (2) handled (3) fixed (4) ridden
解説
- 特定の前置詞・副詞を伴う動詞
- She is always complaining (
) her salary.
- (1) of (2) on (3) to (4) with
解説
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